Published Subject Indicators for Situations

PSI Metadata

Description The Situation is roughly what any English clause describes, although the some are also described by prepositional phrases and nominalized activities.

CTM tries to model each type as a small system of associated participant things, each filling one constrained semantic niche within its complete description.

The case roles comprise a time-tested set of such niches, useful for discussing the types of Participants and state changes in any situation named by specific English verbs or prepositions.

PublisherLexikos Corporation
CreatorDan Corwin
Languagehttp://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/1.0/language.xtm#en
Version2004/10/12
StatusPre-release CTM 1.0 sketch for comment
Date Published2004/10/12

Index Of Subjects

Situationhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#1
*...Statehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#11
*...Eventhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#12
*...Processhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#13
*...Activityhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#14
To-Dohttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#2
*...Doinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#21
*...Focushttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#22
*...Actorhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#23
*...Locushttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#24
*...Meanshttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#25
*...Partyhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#26
*...Timinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#27
*...Stageshttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#28
*...Causeshttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#29
To-Thinkhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#3
*...Thinkinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#31
*...Thoughtshttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#32
*...Thinkerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#33
*...Subjecthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#34
*...Meanshttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#35
To-Sayhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#4
*...Sayinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#41
*...Descriptionhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#42
*...Speakerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#43
*...Subjecthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#44
*...Symbologyhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#45
*...Mediumhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#46
*...Thinkerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#47
*...Audiencehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#48
To-Ownhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#5
*...Owninghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#51
*...Ownedhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#52
*...Ownerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#53
*...Titlehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#54
To-Payhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#6
*...Payinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#61
*...Paymenthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#62
*...Payerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#63
*...Payeehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#64
*...Sourcehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#65
*...Targethttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#66
*...Purposehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#67
To-Sellhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#7
*...Sellinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#71
*...Purchasehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#72
*...Sellerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#73
*...Payinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#74
*...Buyerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#75
*...Pricehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#76
*...Titlehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#77
To-Buyhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#8
*...Buyinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#81
*...Purchasehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#82
*...Sellerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#83
*...Payinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#84
*...Buyerhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#85
*...Pricehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#86
*...Titlehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#87


Situation

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#1

The primitive types of situations are show below, in order of fast-growing complexity. Simple clauses based on HAVING or BEING verbs model simple states of a property or relation. For many standard spatial or abstract relations, prepositions act as a kind of extrinsic shortahnd.

More complex clauses based on action verbs model changes to the state of something in focus. The simplest situation type here is the event - effectively a before and after model of the changes. It may or may not be a goal driven change.

Process models may involve several intermediate events and stages of changes. They may be goal-driven or not, but unlike an event, they also may have no Punctual end points, or may recur, as in the cases of Evolution or Rotation.

Activity models involve many Events and (sub)Processes, and may resemble either. Most quickly become so complex they lose meaning except as aggregations, often used as settings. Examples are Fishing or Ship Building, both of which could be portrayed (with effort) as a open set of instances for some prototypical process type(s).

By using only the above types and semantic flags, one can easily classify any situation. But real progress get made on modeling it when one starts to define participating things and their roles, as the few examples below will illustrate.

To-Do

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#2

This highly general verb shows the many kinds of participant roles a situation may actually involve. In addition to the case roles, specific Causes and Stages involving other Situations may need to be cited. The infinitive form of the verb here denotes a type of whole-part association, with the gerund naming the whole situation at issue. In general, as the situation modeled gets more specific, one can focus more and more on specific case roles, as shown below. Generally, the association type and situation type of some more general model is extended (sub-typed), and new role types can be assigned that extend the most general role types used above and give them verb-related names.

At least, that is roughly the process that seems to be followed by English speakers as a body, who can generally follow these rules enough to make accurate, practical guesses about the semantic implications of such names. Software, of course, needs the actual supertypes, but at least these rules provide a kind of order on naming.


To-Think

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#3


To-Say

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#4


To-Own

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#5


To-Pay

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#6


To-Sell

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#7


To-Buy

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#8