| Description |
The Situation is roughly what any English clause describes, although the
some are also described by prepositional phrases and nominalized activities.
CTM tries to model each type as a small system of associated participant things, each filling one constrained semantic niche within its complete description. The case roles comprise a time-tested set of such niches, useful for discussing the types of Participants and state changes in any situation named by specific English verbs or prepositions. |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Lexikos Corporation |
| Creator | Dan Corwin |
| Language | http://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/1.0/language.xtm#en |
| Version | 2004/10/12 |
| Status | Pre-release CTM 1.0 sketch for comment |
| Date Published | 2004/10/12 |
| Situation | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#1 |
| *...State | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#11 |
| *...Event | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#12 |
| *...Process | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#13 |
| *...Activity | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#14 |
| To-Do | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#2 |
| *...Doing | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#21 |
| *...Focus | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#22 |
| *...Actor | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#23 |
| *...Locus | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#24 |
| *...Means | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#25 |
| *...Party | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#26 |
| *...Timing | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#27 |
| *...Stages | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#28 |
| *...Causes | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#29 |
| To-Think | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#3 |
| *...Thinking | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#31 |
| *...Thoughts | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#32 |
| *...Thinker | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#33 |
| *...Subject | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#34 |
| *...Means | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#35 |
| To-Say | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#4 |
| *...Saying | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#41 |
| *...Description | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#42 |
| *...Speaker | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#43 |
| *...Subject | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#44 |
| *...Symbology | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#45 |
| *...Medium | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#46 |
| *...Thinker | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#47 |
| *...Audience | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#48 |
| To-Own | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#5 |
| *...Owning | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#51 |
| *...Owned | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#52 |
| *...Owner | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#53 |
| *...Title | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#54 |
| To-Pay | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#6 |
| *...Paying | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#61 |
| *...Payment | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#62 |
| *...Payer | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#63 |
| *...Payee | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#64 |
| *...Source | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#65 |
| *...Target | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#66 |
| *...Purpose | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#67 |
| To-Sell | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#7 |
| *...Selling | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#71 |
| *...Purchase | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#72 |
| *...Seller | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#73 |
| *...Paying | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#74 |
| *...Buyer | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#75 |
| *...Price | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#76 |
| *...Title | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#77 |
| To-Buy | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#8 |
| *...Buying | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#81 |
| *...Purchase | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#82 |
| *...Seller | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#83 |
| *...Paying | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#84 |
| *...Buyer | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#85 |
| *...Price | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#86 |
| *...Title | http://www.lexikos.com/psi/ctm/situation/#87 |
More complex clauses based on action verbs model changes to the state of something in focus. The simplest situation type here is the event - effectively a before and after model of the changes. It may or may not be a goal driven change.
Process models may involve several intermediate events and stages of changes. They may be goal-driven or not, but unlike an event, they also may have no Punctual end points, or may recur, as in the cases of Evolution or Rotation.
Activity models involve many Events and (sub)Processes, and may resemble either. Most quickly become so complex they lose meaning except as aggregations, often used as settings. Examples are Fishing or Ship Building, both of which could be portrayed (with effort) as a open set of instances for some prototypical process type(s).
At least, that is roughly the process that seems to be followed by English speakers as a body, who can generally follow these rules enough to make accurate, practical guesses about the semantic implications of such names. Software, of course, needs the actual supertypes, but at least these rules provide a kind of order on naming.