Published Subject Indicators for Thing Types

PSI Metadata

Description This PSI-set effectively models parts of speech. Its first PSI designates the universal class in WORDS, and the most general NOUN sense in English.

Most others are sub-classes of it, useful for typing extremely general concepts in a quasi-standard way which reflects how we speak of them.

PublisherLexikos Corporation
CreatorDan Corwin
Languagehttp://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/1.0/language.xtm#en
Version2003/12/01
StatusPre-release draft for comment
Date Published2003/06/12

Index Of Subjects

thinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#0
*...somethinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#01
*...anythinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#02
*...everythinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#03
*...nothinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#00
substancehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#1
*...natural_stuffhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#11
*..*...materialhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#111
*..*...diseasehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#112
*..*...energyhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#113
*..*...spacetimehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#114
*...social_stuffhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#12
*..*...emotionhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#121
*..*...wealthhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#122
*..*...influencehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#123
*..*...informationhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#124
objecthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#2
*...abstractionhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#21
*..*...temporalityhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#211
*..*...arrangementhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#212
*...physicalityhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#22
*..*...artifacthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#221
*..*...landmarkhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#222
*..*...organismhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#223
*...collectivehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#23
*..*...quantityhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#231
*..*...repositoryhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#232
*..*...grouphttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#233
*..*...agencyhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#234
situationhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#3
*...statehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#31
*..*...relationhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#311
*..*...perceptionhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#312
*...eventhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#32
*..*...thinkinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#321
*..*...doinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#322
*..*...tellinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#323
*...contexthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#33
*..*...settinghttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#331
*..*...descriptionhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#332
*..*...projecthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#333
*..*...planhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#334
aspecthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#4
*...propTypehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#41
*..*...identifierhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#411
*..*...attributehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#412
*..*...locatorhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#413
*..*...scripthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#414
*...roleTypehttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#42
*..*...classifierhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#421
*..*...parthttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#422
*..*...ordinalhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#423
*..*...symbolhttp://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#424
*..*...-(others TBD)-http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#420


thing

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#0

This is the root of the WORDS concept tree - purportedly the most general notion in English. These other concepts - something, anything, everything, nothing - are not subclasses, but quasi-logical derivatives. :

substance

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#1

This kind of
thing refers to stuff from which other things are made. A substance can often be measured (and may have units), but it cannot be counted (or put into a collection) without changing its meaning. One asks of it not how many but how much. Examples are given below, in two main sub-classes.

The first major subclass arises in the natural universe. It has many types, some of which need vast taxonomies to fully model, and lots of ResourceData on their properties:

The second sort arises only from human society. We speak metaphorically about it as if it were natural, but this kind of stuff makes up objects and forces in our minds and social systems. It has far fewer kinds, and it is more transient, but people speak about it more often. Nonetheless, unlike natural types of stuff, without people to talk about them these social types would not exist.

Independently, a substance may have physical qualities, or purely mental ones, or both if it plays some symbolic role in communication, status, or wealth. Symbolic substances can be difficult to model, as they have a two-fold essense.

Such a classification interacts with the orthogonal natural/social one to partition all stuff into several dissimilar types. Objects inherit many of their characteristics from the substances of which they are made, so it is useful to model those substances properly.


object

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#2

This
thing class has countable instances, well encapsulated. Most decompose into multiple parts of some typical instance. Formally, however, an object is anything not fitting the semantic model of a substance, a situation, or an aspect. That includes these subclasses:

An O-O language like Java can handle isolated objects, but WORDS is far better at modeling their associations. These may arise - as they do in English - whenever something modeled by a phrase is cited in a clause modeling a situation. Declare them within a Topic Map, and Java code can then use it as a smart data store that guides intelligent decision making.


situation

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#3

This kind of
thing creates dynamic associations among things of diverse types, emulating the actions of an English sentence. Technically, most situation instances arise from some WORDS clause or prepositional phrase, which has been input or generated.

Each situation is really a small ontology for one association type, distantly related to a template but with executable role elements, which can generate and mutate persistent examples of a:

The context subtypes help pull new topics into a framework, linked to older topics by patterns of associations named by the English verbs and prepositions input. The logic accomplishing this is embedded within topics modeling aspects. (If the one you need does not yet exist, you can usually define it in seconds.)


aspect

Published Subject Identifier: http://www.lexikos.com/psi/words/thing/#4

This kind of topic denotes
something you that can discuss about something else - some specific dimension or element or part of that other thing. Many common nouns, including elbow and buyer and zipcode have exactly this sort of meaning. WORDS will support many examples - thousands - mostly of the second kind listed below.

In WORDS, a propType denotes an occurrence type meant to hold some kind of URI, or an XSD character String or an aspect-specific script or data type model. These aspect values may be inherited into topic A from other associated topics, B, C, etc.. Non-inheritable topic names are also special-case propTypes.

The roleType models a type of rolePlayer. Its value cannot be inherited, but it can inherit properties, including scripts that make it seem intelligent on relating its range and domain topics, in both their concrete and abstract forms. If you want to build clever applications, these topics deserve the bulk of your attention.

These rules let each aspect semi-independently manage its own tiny microworld within the XTM-portable topic map which it inhabits. And because each aspect does its own job well, the overall TM operates as a procedure-enriched, aspect-oriented knowledge-base - a domain-specific semantic lexicon extending the most general meanings for English words.